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Modification of the algorithm exist when one lets vary with each iteration of the algorithm depending on how far away the minimum is. Similarly to stochastic gradient descent, one can also subsample the observations S at every step to ensure robustness.
This course has two main parts. Ethics in Business Ethics in Research However, before we discuss ethics in business and ethics in research we need to know a bit about ethics Modules 1, 2 and 3 will introduce you to the study of Ethics
MBA8000 ASSIGNMENT 2: Details
Word Limit: 3,000字
Company ABC has produced a gene therapy technique that will reduce the development of microcephaly in the unborn babies of pregnant woman who have become infected with the Zika virus. The therapy requires the use of stem cells and company ABC will need a large supply of them to treat the wider community. Clinical trials have shown that when adult stem cells are used there is a 15% reduction in microcephaly. When embryo stem cells under 14 days old are used there is a reduction in microcephaly of 50%. When embryo stem cells over 14 days old are used there is a reduction in microcephaly of 100%.
They have asked you to do some preliminary research and write a Report to help them decide what type of stem cells to use. In your Report you need to address the legal and ethical issues related to the use of stem cells, the unborn babies, the pregnant women and the potential for further international spread of the Zika virus.
Based on your Report Company ABC will be carrying out some further research to acquire the stem cells that you recommended. Before they can do that research they will need to get approval from the Ethics Committee. So, they need to be aware of the ethical issues when they are designing their research. They want you to briefly outline the steps that they should undertake to ensure that their research is ethical. They will also need to know the essential ethical components that they would have to consider. So, you need to address that in your report.
You do not have enough words in this assignment to cover all of the possible steps and components for all the different types of research available. As you do not know what type of research that Company ABC might decide to use (to acquire the stem cells) you will need to choose onetype of research and address the ethical issues related to the steps and components of that particular type of research.
Differential geometry, branch of mathematics that studies the geometry of curves, surfaces, and manifolds (the higher-dimensional analogs of surfaces).
by ff1000000·代写eviews An Introduction to Econometrics作业已关闭评论
Econometrics is about: Studying the relationship between economic variables Using data to test economic theories. For example, using the appropriate data one can test whether there is positive relationship between household per capita food expenditure and income. It can be used to quantify the impact of an economic variable on another economic variable. For example, using data one can estimate by how many percent demand for oil drops when price increases by 1%.
You are required to write an essay on oneof the two following topics.
Topic 1: Many economic historians believe that good institutions are the key to modern economic growth. For the UK, we might look to the institutional changes associated with the sealing of the Magna Carta in 1215, 1216, and 1225 and the Glorious Revolution of 1688 for evidence in support of this belief. Your task for topic is to describe the long-run institutional change in any country, as it relates to economic development. You may look at any country that has been economically successful (at least for some period; Argentina offers the interesting case study of early success followed by relative decline through the 20th Century).
For a framework for the essay, I suggest that you read either Structure and Change by Douglass C. North or The Rise and Decline of Nations by Mancur Olson. You will need to do your own digging for country specific material but talk to me if you are having trouble.
Topic 2: Reasonable people have variously argued that the British Industrial Revolution was not exclusively British, not primarily industrial, and, on further reflection, not a revolution after all. Regardless of the merits of these arguments, it is clear that Britain underwent significant social and economic change between 1780 and 1860. Your task for this topic is to trace out the changes in Britain in any one of the following:
The composition and structure of the family, including where they lived, who did what jobs and under what conditions. You may respond to this topic narrowly by considering the household economy, or broadly by considering demographic change and rural to urban migration.
The organisation of industry. The focus of this topic is on the organisation of firms and industries and the way in which business was conducted rather than the specifics of the products they produced. You may approach this topic from the perspective of corporate finance and examine how businesses were financed.
The standard of living. We are all beneficiaries of the Industrial Revolution. It is not clear that those who lived through it benefited. So, who did benefit, and from when?
How did the agricultural sector change during the Industrial Revolution? Who farmed what land and under what (employment or other) conditions? Did agriculture become more commercial?
For each of these there are relevant (and fully referenced) readings in The Economic History of Britain since 1700, Volume 1, 2nd edition (Floud and McCloskey eds). Please also look through the paper list for the Abstracts for further readings.
You are better off writing in detail about a small number of important papers than superficially about a large number. So, pay attention to authors – you should know who the main contributors are in the field that you are writing about, and have used their most important works. In this vein, pay attention to the authors of the Floud and McCloskey chapters.
In addition, each of these topics can be divided into many sub-topics. For example, the debate over the standard of living can be divided (non-exhaustively) into: changes in real wages; changes in life expectancy and adult height; changes in the distribution of income; and the impact of the rise of the welfare state, including public education. You are free to define your topic narrowly or broadly; run ideas past me if you are not sure.
You may write on any of the above topics for a country other than Britain during their transition to modern economic growth. But you are then responsible for finding your starting material. I will help, so talk to me if you would like to write on a different country but be aware that there is the risk that the necessary material simply isn’t there.
Structure and Formatting
Length: 2,500 words, plus or minus 10% (you should be struggling to stay below the upper bound, rather than above the lower bound).
Font: Calibri, Cambria, Arial, Tahoma, and Times New Roman are all fine (as are the Mac equivalents).
Font size: 11 or 12 point (10 or 11 for Tahoma).
Line spacing: 1.5 or 2.
Referencing: The faculty officially requires APA, so that is always acceptable. I prefer the style used in Floud and McCloskey. It has some overlap with APA but is more flexible for in-text citations and easier on the reader. And because this a history paper, you may also use footnoted references (c.f. TheEconomic History Review).
General: For any other formatting concerns, please consult the Chicago Manual of Style. The library has print copies and online access. If you are using it for the first time, the print version will probably make more sense as the Manual has a section numbering system that works more naturally in a print book than on a website.
by ff1000000·代写Financial Modelling金融模型report论文报告已关闭评论
Assignment
Read the case notes below and consider the data shown in the appendix.
Determine how this information can be used to shed light on the impact of equity ownership on company performance.
Then write a report for the Directors of JPD which addresses these issues.
Remember, the Directors of JPD are not experts in statistical analysis. Hence you will need to explain what you are doing and why, as well as the meaning of your results.
In structuring your report you may wish to consider the following framework. This does not mean that you simply respond to (a) to (d) below, but rather that you formulate headings and sub-headings for your briefing note using the framework as a starting point.
(a) A graphical representation of the data and a discussion of any issues or patterns which arise from this exercise. You need to decide upon the exact data to use and the appropriate graph(s).
(b) Univariate (single variable) and bivariate (two variable) analysis and discussion which considers the links between equity ownership and company performance.
(c) Multivariate (multiple variable) analysis and associated discussion which makes use of the data shown in Appendix I.
(d) Any other issues, problems or additional complications which you feel should be conveyed to the Directors of JPD with respect to your analysis.
Equity Ownership and Company Performance
You have recently been appointed as an analyst within PMC Inc. PMC is a UK consultancy company that undertakes independent research for client organisations.
Your first client is a large investment management firm (JPD) which provides advice and administrative services to both individuals and companies in relation to portfolio selection and specific asset purchase (stocks, bonds, etc.).
The Directors of JPD are interested in determining the impact which equity ownership has on company performance. In particular, the extent to which the separation of ownership and control provides opportunity for managers to undertake activities which negatively impact on performance and whether large shareholders can put pressure on managers to increase this performance.
You have been asked to undertake some quantitative analysis looking at this issue. While you are familiar with various different aspects of statistics and a number of statistical packages you have not undertaken a project of this nature before. Hence you start by conducting a literature search.
This search proves beneficial and you find that there are a number of existing studies which look at equity ownership and firm performance, although none specifically in a UK context.
In terms of theoretical work one of the overarching themes is that of the principal/agent problem. This suggests that the owners of a firm will want to pursue profit or value maximisation, but that on many occasions share ownership is so dispersed that the ability of shareholders to push managers in this direction is extremely limited. In contrast managers will have other objectives such as ‘empire building’ or a quest for higher salaries, with pursuit of these alternative objectives being possible (at the expense of profit) because control cannot be exerted by shareholders. This implies that in situations where equity ownership is not dispersed and instead resides to a large extent in the hands of a single organisation or individual then it should be possible to force managers to pursue value maximisation. However, there is also the suggestion that some of the owners of a company may have objectives other than maximum value.
In terms of empirical work there have been a number of studies which have attempted to look at the impact which ownership concentration (percentage shares of the largest owner) has on performance. Various measures of company performance have been used including accounting profit, market to book value and return on capital employed. In addition, some studies have looked at whether the identity of the largest owner (bank, institutional investor, etc.) has an effect on these performance measures. All such studies also contain ‘control variables’ which are likely to impact on company performance. The most frequently used of these is firm size. In addition, some studies have attempted to control for the industry in which the firms are located.
From the material you have identified you draw up a list of variables which can be used to identify the impact, if any, of equity ownership on performance. You then collect numerical data on each of these variables (details of the data can be found in Appendix I).
You now need to consider how you will analyse this information. In addition you need to consider how you will explain the approach(es) you have adopted and the implication of your analysis given that the Directors of JPD are not experts in quantitative or statistical methods.
Appendix I
The data for this assignment can be found in the file EO1.XLS . This information relates to a large sample of medium and large sized firms. In total there are 350 observations. The first 6 observations are shown below.
Variable definitions:
MBV: Market to book value.
Identity: Identity of the largest owner:
3 if bank,
4 if institutional investor,
5 if non-financial company,
6 if family or single person.
Con: Ownership concentration, percentage shares of the largest owner.
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Forecasting and Quantitative Analysis Assignment details Required: 1.Start your business report with a short formal introduction stating the background of the company and what you are studying.Discussyour choice of time interval/s(dailyweeklymonthly) and time period.(15 marks). 2. Present your data graphically and discuss the results.Please explain whether transformation/adiustment/decompositionis needed for your data(note you don’t need to transform/adjust/decompose the data,just to explain what is required).Plotthecompanyreturns ACF.Do the returns look likewhite noise?Explain your answer.(20 marks). 3.Calculate and present descriptive statistics for the stock returns and discusstheresults(15marks) 4. In this section you are required to use regression analysis to test the predictive power of past returns(RETLAG)on future returns(RET).Write down the regressionequation-besuretolabel correctly the x and y variables and include the values of the slope and intercept Create a new table that summarises thefollowing key measures of your regression analysis-Number of Observations,Adjusted R SquareValue ofthe Slope,and P-Value ofthe Slope.Be sureto comment on each measure(25 marks). 5. Summarise your results and provide conclusions Include any relevant recommendations that you believe could improve your analysis.Discuss the variables and methods you used for the prediction(15 marks). 6. The report should be well presented and coherent with no grammar mistakes
